Latham & Watkins provides an in-depth look at the intersection of CFTC and SEC regulatory jurisdiction in the crypto context.

By David L. Concannon, Yvette D. Valdez, and Stephen P. Wink, with Paul M. Dudek and Miles P. Jennings

With the rapid growth in the development of blockchain technology, virtual currencies, and token sales (sometimes referred to as initial coin offerings, or ICOs), token offerings came under increased regulatory scrutiny, particularly in the US. Since the US

The SEC issues second no-action letter for a digital token, but will “utility” token offerings reach the next level?

By Stephen P. Wink, Cameron R. Kates, Shaun Musuka, and Deric Behar

Gamers, rejoice! In only its second no-action letter to date for digital tokens, the SEC cleared the way for Pocketful of Quarters, Inc. (PoQ) to issue “Quarters,” one of two digital tokens issued by PoQ on the Ethereum blockchain.[i] PoQ, which was co-founded by a 12-year-old entrepreneur and his father, sought guidance from the SEC as to whether its offering of the stablecoin would require registration under Section 5 of the Securities Act and Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act. PoQ explained that Quarters are intended to be a “universal gaming token” that buyers can use across games deployed on PoQ’s platform. The benefit to gamers, PoQ asserts, is more efficient usage of value across participating online games rather than “siloed video game economies [that] result in large unspent balances of in-game currencies.”

The regulators attempt to clarify their position on the possible custody of digital assets by broker-dealers, but questions remain.

By Stephen P. Wink, Cameron R. Kates, Shaun Musuka, and Deric Behar

The SEC and FINRA recently released a joint staff statement (Joint Statement) addressing the custody of digital asset securities by broker-dealers. For some time, registered broker-dealers and applicants have sought to facilitate digital asset transactions and the accompanying custody of such assets. However, their efforts have been stymied, in part due to a lack of interpretive guidance from the SEC and FINRA regarding how to custody digital assets in compliance with the relevant regulations. The Joint Statement is an initial step by the SEC and FINRA toward clarifying their positions on these issues. It makes clear that broker-dealers that do not seek to custody such assets but seek to otherwise engage in brokerage activities with digital assets (e.g., private placements or if the broker-dealer matches buyers and sellers who conduct settlement between themselves) should be permitted to do so. The bottom line, however, is that the regulators “are just not ready”[i] to approve broker-dealers to custody digital assets.

The SEC provides additional guidance for analyzing whether a digital asset is a security.

By Stephen P. Wink, Cameron R. Kates, and Shaun Musuka

On April 3, 2019, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s Strategic Hub for Innovation and Financial Technology (the SEC) released a framework (the Framework) for assessing whether a blockchain-issued token or digital asset (each, a Token) constitutes an investment contract. An investment contract is an enumerated type of security subject to US federal securities laws. The Framework does not have the force of law, but rather, provides additional guidance on the factors to consider when applying the Howey test to Tokens. For background regarding the Howey test, please see Latham’s Client Alert. Latham’s read of the Framework suggests two key takeaways. First, it provides added insight into how existing Tokens may be reevaluated over time and may cease to be subject to federal securities laws. Second, it offers the clearest guidance to date that Tokens that are designed and marketed as purely “virtual currency” should not be considered securities.

UK regulators are addressing regulatory uncertainty through a number of regulatory initiatives due for implementation in 2019.

By Stuart Davis

Background

Following the FCA’s consultation paper that offers guidance on the regulatory status of cryptoassets published in January 2019, the regulator is now engaging with the industry and other stakeholders such as law firms to finalise its guidance.